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IRF/FORB Fundamentals
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- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (effective 1976, U.N. Resolution)
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948, U.N.)
- U.N. Declaration of all forms of intolerance & discrimination based on religion or belief (1981)
- U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities (1992)
- Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights
- Concluding Document of the Vienna Follow Up Meeting (1989, OSCE)
- Potomac Declaration (2018, U.S. State Department hosted Ministerial to Advance Religious Freedom)
- Rabat Plan of Action (2012, UN OHCHR)
- Marrakesh Declaration (2016, Muslim religious leaders, heads of state, and scholars)
- Amman Message (2004, international Muslim scholars)
- African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
- Article VII of the Helsinki Final Act
- Global Declarations on Freedom of Religion or Belief and Human Rights
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Law & Policy
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Religious Persecution & Repression
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National Systems & Analyses
- FORB by Country (Wikipedia)
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- World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples (searchable database)
- Open Doors World Watch List (2020)
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- USCIRF Country Reports & Publications
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Apostasy & Blasphemy Laws
International Religious Freedom Act of 1998
IRF Act of 1998

The International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–292, as amended by Public Law 106–55, Public Law 106–113, Public Law 107–228, Public Law 108–332, and Public Law 108–458) was passed to promote religious freedom as a foreign policy of the United States, to promote greater religious freedom in countries which engage in or tolerate violations of religious freedom, and to advocate on the behalf of individuals persecuted for their religious beliefs and activities in foreign countries. The Act was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on October 27, 1998.
This is the legal mechanism that lets citizens engage the US on IRF issues.

The 20th Anniversary Retrospective of the IRF Act of 1988
This retrospective retraces the collaborative efforts that ensued to integrate international religious freedom within U.S. foreign policy.
| December 2018 | 21Wilberforce |
IRFA PDF | IRFA PDF Flipbook

S. 1868 (105th): International Religious Freedom Act of 1998
